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| Cornelius Campbell's signature from his Petition for Amnesty letter sent to President Andrew Johnson in 1865 after the Civil War |
I can find no record of Cornelius in the federal population censuses prior to 1850, nor can I find any record for his father, Joseph Campbell, Jr. There is a Cornelius Campbell listed in the 1820 census in Shenandoah County, VA but the ages in the household don’t quite line up and this county is pretty far (by early 1800s travel standards) from Caroline County. The earliest reference I’ve found for Cornelius in Caroline County, VA was a land transaction on December 12, 1838, in which he paid $980 to Francis U. Scott, Francis V. Sutton, John D. Hargrove, and William Kidd for a parcel of land upon which the "poor house establishment" was situated and consisting of 360 acres. This parcel adjoined other land which Cornelius owned, indicating land records may exist that establish his presence in the county prior to 1838.
Cornelius married Emily Dulaney, daughter of French Dulaney, in Fauquier County, VA on August 2, 1825. As with Cornelius’ birth family, I have been unable to find the Dulaney family in any censuses prior to 1850.
Cornelius and his family are listed in the 1850 and 1860 agricultural and population censuses. In the 1850 agricultural census, taken in June 1850, Cornelius owned a farm near Sparta in Caroline County worth $20,000. His oldest son, French D. Campbell, lived on the farm next to this farm. Cornelius' farm had 1136 acres, worth $7000, and had horses, a mule, milk cows, oxen, other cattle, sheep and swine. The farm produced wheat, Indian corn, wool, peas, beans, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, butter, beeswax and honey. Cornelius is listed as the owner of the farm where his son, French, lived. This farm had 691 acres, worth $10,500, and had horses, mules, milk cows, oxen, cattle, sheep and swine. This farm produced wheat, Indian corn, ginned cotton, wool, peas, beans, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes, beeswax and honey. Cornelius also owned a grist mill in 1850, located on the west side of Rte. 2, about 2 miles north of Bowling Green, VA, near Bowie Pond in the Millwood tract, and known as "Lewis Old Mill". The mill used 1200 bushels of corn to produce 7200 bushels of corn meal, and was powered by water and used three pair stones. Cornelius' mill employed one male laborer, paid $8 per month.
Cornelius owned slaves to work these farms. In the 1850 slave schedule census, taken on November 15, 1850, he owned 83 slaves, ranging in age from 1 year old to 70 years old. Of the 83, at least 4 were listed in the census as mulatto, indicating some Caucasian parentage.
Cornelius and his family were listed in the 1850 population census taken on November 16, 1850 in Caroline County, VA. Cornelius was 50 years old, born in Virginia, and a farmer on a farm worth $2000, which doesn’t match up with the agricultural census figures. Emily was 42 years old and also born in Virginia. Their sons living with them were Joseph W., 18 years old, born in Virginia and a student; Cornelius R. D., 11 years old and born in Virginia; William, 8 years old and born in Virginia; and Robert H., 2 years old and born in Virginia. Robert was my great-great-grandfather.
In the 1860 agricultural census, taken on September 28, 1860, Cornelius owned a farm near Sparta, Caroline County that was 1582 acres and worth $13,000. The number of livestock and the farm agricultural production had both increased since the 1850 census. His mill now used 8000 bushels of corn to produce 8200 (?) bushels of corn meal. The mill was also used to process wheat into flour; during 1860, 400 bushels of wheat was milled to produce 82 bushels of flour. The mill still employed one male laborer, who was paid $12 per month.
Cornelius and his family were listed in the 1860 population census taken on September 28, 1860 in Sparta, Caroline County, VA. Cornelius was 60 years old and a farmer with real estate worth $35,000 and a personal estate worth $85,000 (from the large number of slaves). Emily was 51 years old, and their children living with them were Joseph W., now 27 years old and a manager of the farm; Cornelius R. D., now 19 years old; William S., now 16 years old and attending school; Robert L, now 12 years old and attending school; and a daughter, Emma B., 9 years old and attending school.
Cornelius may have had a son with a slave named Mary in 1862 in Caroline County, VA. The baby's race was Colored and he was named Cornelius Campbell, with the father as Cornelius Campbell (Owner) and the mother named Mary, presumably a slave. I don't know if the father was Cornelius Campbell or his son, Cornelius R. D. Campbell. I have not looked for this Cornelius Campbell in subsequent censuses.
Cornelius sold fodder, hay, corn and corn shucks to the Confederate Army from December, 1862 to January, 1864 in Caroline County, VA. He sold these products in Dec 1862, Feb 1863, Oct 1863 and Jan 1864. His total for all of these products was over $3000.
Cornelius owned several large farms in Caroline County, named Belmont, Egypt (supposedly because of the corn production) and Millwood.
As mentioned previously, southern landowners suffered property losses during the Civil War. One instance was described in The Daily Dispatch newspaper, published in Richmond, VA, on June 22, 1864. The article was titled “Outrages of the enemy in Caroline”:
“A citizen of Caroline county furnishes some items of interest. He says that during the passage of Grant's army through that county, when he was "changing his base" and making fast time for Richmond, the most outrageous excesses were committed upon the inhabitants by the negro troops. They stole everything they could lay their hands upon, offered indignities to the ladies, and committed excesses that ought to cause the blush of shame to mantle even a Yankee check. Among the buildings burnt by these finds was the house on the Belmont estate, owned by Cornelius Campbell; Campbell's mill, and a mill owned by Hon. R. M. T. Hunter, the latter in the upper part of Essex. There is a report that Mr. Hunter's residence has since been burned, but we presume this is without foundation. The people of Caroline will long remember the passage of the "Union" devils through their borders.”
Cornelius Campbell signed an amnesty oath on July 27, 1865 in Caroline County, VA. Cornelius' amnesty oath was signed on July 27, 1865 by M. A. Prugn, Captain and Provost Marshall. This was the same person who signed Robert L. Campbell's (youngest son of Cornelius) amnesty oath.
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| Cornelius Campbell Amnesty Oath |
Cornelius Campbell petitioned President Andrew Johnson for amnesty on August 17, 1865. On May 29, 1865, President Andrew Johnson issued his first amnesty proclamation. One of the exclusions to amnesty was voluntary participants in the rebellion who had property valued at more than $20,000. It was this exclusion that caused Cornelius to petition President Johnson for amnesty on August 17,1865. Here is the text of Cornelius' letter to President Andrew Johnson:
"To his Excellency Andy Johnson, President of the United States. Your petitioner Cornelius Campbell, respectfully represents that he is native of the County of Caroline, State of Virginia; was born in the year 1800, has always resided in said County, and has been engaged exclusively in agricultural pursuits. For several years past he has been afflicted with almost total blindness. Has never held any office either under the State or so called confederate government; or acted directly or indirectly, as an officer or soldier or been otherwise engaged in the late rebellion, whereby his property might be regarded as liable, in his opinion, to confiscation. That on the 29th of July last, he took the amnesty oath required by your Excellency's proclamation of the 29th of May 1865, with intent to observe and keep the same, in good faith; a copy of which oath, as taken, is hereto annexed. That his property has been, or probably will be assessed as of greater value than twenty thousand dollars, he respectfully asks to be relieved from the disability imposed by the 13th section of said proclamation and he prays. Respectfully submitted. Cornelius Campbell."
I suppose the sale of corn, fodder, etc. throughout the war to the Confederate Army does not mean Cornelius was "otherwise engaged in the late rebellion". He did make over $3000 from the transactions, but if he was paid in confederate money, it probably wasn't worth much.
A John M. Hudgin certified that "the foregoing petition was subscribed and sworn to in solemn form before me in my said County, by the petitioner, Cornelius Campbell. Witness my hand this 17th day of August 1865."
An L. H. Prupoint (not sure of this name - hard to read handwriting) stated: "I recommend this petition for pardon." The date for this recommendation looks like Sept 4, 1865 but it is hard to read handwriting.
In September 1865, Cornelius was listed in the tax assessment in Caroline County, VA for owning a piano and a carriage. He was listed in Division No. 14, Collection District No. 4 for the state of Virginia. The taxes he owed were $1 for the carriage and $2 for the piano.
In his will, which was submitted to the Caroline County Court on June 6, 1868, Cornelius named his wife, Emily, as Executrix and gave to Emily and his daughter, Emma D. Campbell, his homestead including all the dwellings, his mill, buildings and all the lands attached thereto, and all his household and kitchen furniture, all his stock of every kind, plantation utensils, farming implements and everything pertaining to the homestead, and also the debt due from F. C. Foster for land in Fauquier sold to him, and any other such other debts. To his sons, he left all his other lands consisting of his farms Belmont, Millwood, and Marshalls to be equally divided among them. He also bequeathed to his daughter Emma his gold watch. His will was signed, sealed and declared by the testator in the presence of Henry F. Thornton, J. L. Jourdan and H. B. Brooks.
Cornelius passed away on June 12, 1868 in Caroline County at the age of 68. He was buried soon after in an unknown location, probably on the family farm. This farm may have been located in the part of Caroline County that became Fort A. P. Hill after the Civil War, and closed off to the general public.
During probate, his will was produced again in Caroline County Court and authenticated on August 10th 1868. The will was proven by the oaths of Henry F. Thornton and J. L. Jourdan, two of the witnesses from when his will was entered in June. His land was divided up among his sons: French - Lot 1, Plot A (170-3/4 acres), Lot 2, Plot B (125 acres), Lot 4, Plot C (112-1/2 acres); Joseph - Lot 4, Plot B (135 acres), one-half of Lot 5, Plot B (76-1/2 acres), Lot 5, Plot D (160 acres); Cornelius - Lot 2, Plot C (47 acres), Lot 1, Plot C (107 acres), Lot 3, Plot C (112-1/2 acres), Lot 3, Plot D (168-1/2 acres); William - Lot 1, Plot B (140 acres), one-half of lot 5, Plot B (76-1/2 acres), Lot 4, Plot D (152 acres); and Robert - Lot 2, Plot A (170-3/4 acres), Lot 3, Plot B (125 acres), Lot 5, Plot C (100 acres). The tract containing Lewis old mill was left undivided. On January 17, 1870 Robert bought the 29-acre tract of land containing the Lewis old mill and described as Plot C of the Millwood Farm from his brothers (French, Joseph, William and Cornelius) and their wives. He paid $800 for the mill and the land. The locations of these parcels might be determined form the probate records. This adds up to a lot of land as well – French had about 400 acres, Joseph had about 377 acres, Cornelius had 434 acres, William had 368 acres and Robert got about 396 acres for a total of approximately 1600 acres.
Cornelius’ wife, Emily, daughter of French Dulaney, was born around 1808 in Virginia. I have not researched the Dulaney family yet in the census records for Virginia. Since she and Cornelius were married in Fauquier County, that would be a place to start. There is also the clue from his will that he had sold land in Fauquier County to F. C. Foster – could this land have belonged to Emily or her family? I also don’t know the name of Emily’s mother, who would be my great-great-great-great-grandmother.
After her husband died, Emily had to sign a promissory note against a $10,000 bond to perform her duties as executrix of her deceased husband's estate on August 10, 1868. The $10,000 note would be forfeited if she performed her duties satisfactorily. I also found a record for Emily and her son, Cornelius, selling land on January 26, 1870. I need to research this more to find out where the land was located and to whom it was sold.
Emily was living on a farm in Bowling Green, VA when the census was taken on June 11, 1870. Her farm was worth $4000 and she had a personal estate worth $100. Still living with her were her daughter, Emily, now 19 years old and without an occupation, and her youngest son, Robert. Robert was 22 years old, a farmer, with real estate worth $8510 and a personal estate worth $330. There was also a domestic servant living with them, Rosana Epps, who was Caucasian, 19 years old and unable to read or write. A farm laborer was also listed – Woodson Puller, a 17-year old mulatto.
Emily died on March 1, 1879 at the age of 71 in Caroline County, Virginia. Her estate was probated from June to July 1879 in Caroline County, VA. The probating of Emily's estate included a payment of $9.20 on June 9, 1879 to her nephew, Dr. C. C. Broaddus, for her medical bill. It also included a payment made in July 1879 to the Sheriff of $3.50 for the case of Campbell vs. Campbell. I need to see if this case is online at the Library of Virginia Chancery Court Records site. On July 26, 1879, her estate paid $6.25 to her son Robert. On January 17, 1880 her estate paid $6.25 to the following: S. W. Broaddus (son-in-law), F. W. Campbell (son), C. R. D. Campbell (son), A. B. Chandler trustee for W. S. Campbell (son, who had passed away in 1879), and Joseph W. Campbell (son).
Cornelius Campbell and Emily Dulaney had the following children:
1) French D. Campbell, born October, 1828, Virginia; married Judith A. Saunders, December 1, 1853, Caroline County, VA; died October, 1902, Virginia.
2) Joseph W. Campbell, born about 1832; married Mary Elizebeth Bower/Brower, July 23, 1863, Richmond, VA; married Julia Glass, November 20, 1876, Hanover County, VA; died 1884, Hanover County, VA.
3) Cornelius R. D. Campbell, born December, 1840, Virginia; married Lucretia A. Haynie, October 11, 1869, Caroline County, VA; died before 1904.
4) William S. Campbell, born about 1842; married Lucy Ida Broaddus, February 1, 1869, Caroline County, VA; died September 27, 1879, Caroline County, VA.
5) Robert Lee Campbell, born calculated 1848; married Fanny S. Mills, May 19, 1875, Frederick Hall, Louisa County, VA; died 1886, Caroline County, VA. (My great-great-grandfather)
6) Emma B. (or D.) Campbell, born about 1850, Caroline County, VA; married Silas Wilbur Broaddus, October 2, 1870, Caroline County, VA; died June 10, 1883, Bowling Green, Caroline County, VA.
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